परिचय
समूह: कोई नहीं
परमाण्विक भार: 252
अवधि: 7
सीएएस संख्या: 7429-92-7
वर्गीकरण
कोई स्थिर आइसोटोप
ठोस
तरल
गैस
ठोस (भविष्यवाणी की)
विवरण • उपयोग करता है / समारोह
Einsteinium, the seventh transuranic element of the actinide series to be discovered, was identified by Ghiorso and co-workers at Berkeley in December 1952 in debris from the first large thermonuclear explosion, which took place in the Pacific in November 1952. The isotope produced was the 20-day 253Es isotope. In 1961, a sufficient amount of einsteinium was produced to permit separation of a macroscopic amount of 253Es. This sample weighed about 0.01 micrograms. A special magnetic-type balance was used in making this determination. 253Es so produced was used to produce mendelevium (Element 101). About 3 micrograms of einsteinium has been produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratories by irradiating for several years kilogram quantities of 239Pu in a reactor to produce 242Pu. This was then fabricated into pellets of plutonium oxide and aluminum powder, and loaded into target rods for an initial 1-year irradiation at the Savannah River Plant, followed by irradiation in a HFIR (High Flux Isotopic Reactor). After 4 months in the HFIR the targets were removed for chemical separation of the einsteinium from californium. Seventeen isotopes and isomers of einsteinium are now recognized. 254Es has the longest half-life (276 days). Tracer studies using 253Es show that einsteinium has chemical properties typical of a heavy trivalent, actinide element. 1
भौतिक गुण
गलनांक:2* 860 °C = 1133.15 K = 1580 °F
ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास: *[Rn] 7s2 5f11
n = 5
क्वथनांक:2*
उच्च बनाने की क्रिया प्वाइंट:2
तीन बिंदु:2
महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु:2
घनत्व: g/cm3
* - at 1 atm
ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास
खंड: f
उच्चतम अधिकृत एनर्जी लेवल: 7
अणु की संयोजन क्षमता: 2
क्वांटम संख्याएं:
ℓ = 3
mℓ = 0
ms = -½
संबंध
आयनीकरण क्षमता
eV 3
kJ/mol
आयनीकरण क्षमता
eV 3
kJ/mol
आयनीकरण क्षमता
eV 3
kJ/mol
1
6.42
619.4
आइसोटोप
nuclide
सामूहिक 4
हाफ लाइफ 4
परमाणु स्पिन 4
बंधन ऊर्जा
240Es
240.06892(43)#
1# s
1,803.77 MeV
241Es
241.06854(24)#
10(5) s [8(+6-5) s]
(3/2-)
1,811.84 MeV
242Es
242.06975(35)#
13.5(25) s
1,819.91 MeV
243Es
243.06955(25)#
21(2) s
3/2-#
1,827.99 MeV
244Es
244.07088(20)#
37(4) s
1,826.74 MeV
245Es
245.07132(22)#
1.1(1) min
(3/2-)
1,834.81 MeV
246Es
246.07290(24)#
7.7(5) min
4-#
1,842.88 MeV
247Es
247.07366(3)#
4.55(26) min
7/2+#
1,850.96 MeV
248Es
248.07547(6)#
27(5) min
2-#,0+#
1,859.03 MeV
249Es
249.07641(3)#
102.2(6) min
7/2+
1,867.10 MeV
250Es
250.07861(11)#
8.6(1) h
(6+)
1,875.17 MeV
251Es
251.079992(7)
33(1) h
(3/2-)
1,883.24 MeV
252Es
252.08298(5)
471.7(19) d
(5-)
1,882.00 MeV
253Es
253.0848247(28)
20.47(3) d
7/2+
1,890.07 MeV
254Es
254.088022(5)
275.7(5) d
(7+)
1,898.14 MeV
255Es
255.090273(12)
39.8(12) d
(7/2+)
1,896.90 MeV
256Es
256.09360(11)#
25.4(24) min
(1+,0-)
1,904.97 MeV
257Es
257.09598(44)#
7.7(2) d
7/2+#
1,913.04 MeV
258Es
258.09952(32)#
3# min
1,921.11 MeV
मान चिह्नित # विशुद्ध रूप से प्रयोगात्मक डेटा से प्राप्त नहीं कर रहे हैं, लेकिन कम से कम आंशिक रूप से व्यवस्थित प्रवृत्तियों से। Spins कमजोर तर्क के साथ काम कोष्ठकों में संलग्न हैं। 4
प्रचुरता
यौगिकों
सुरक्षा जानकारी
सामग्री सुरक्षा डाटा शीट - ACI Alloys, Inc.
अधिक जानकारी के लिए
बाहरी कड़ियाँ:
American Elements
Chemical & Engineering News
Chemical Elements
ChemGlobe
Chemicool
Environmental Chemistry
सूत्रों का कहना है
(1) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:10.
(2) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:132.
(3) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 10:178 - 10:180.
(4) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:193, 12:219-220.
(5) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:123-6:137.
(6) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:107-6:122.
(7) - Atomic Mass Data Center. http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html (accessed July 14, 2009).