Introduction
Name: calcium chloride
* IUPAC
CAS Number: 10043-52-4
Molar Mass: 110.984 g
Mass Percent: Ca 36.111 %; Cl 63.888 %
Classification
Uses/Function
• "The anhydrous form used as a drying and dehydrating agent for organic liquids and gases, and in dessicators. The dihydrate and hexahydrate forms are used for antifreeze and refrigerating sol[ution]ns, in fire extinguishers, etc. (a 40% sol[utio]n freezes at -41°); to preserve wood, stone; manuf[acture] ice, glues, cements; fireproofing fabrics; automobile antifreeze mixtures; to melt ice and snow; as coagulant in rubber manuf[acturing], as size in admixture with starch paste; in concrete mixes to give quicker initial set and greater strength; freezeproofing of coal and ores; dust control on unpaved roads; sizing and finishing cotton fabrics; as brine for filling inflatable tires on tractors to increase traction. Electrolyte replacement. Has been used as diuretic, urinary, acidifier, antiallergic. May be used intravenously in hypocalcemic states such as milk fever." 1
Physical Properties
Boiling Point:*
1935.5°C 2 = 2208.65 K = 3515.9°F
* - 1 atm pressure
Bonding
Ionic Character: 65.45 %
Thermochemistry
ΔHf° (ℓ): -185.0 kcal/mol 3 = -774.04 kJ/mol
ΔHf° (g): -112.7 kcal/mol 3 = -471.54 kJ/mol
S° (ℓ): 29.6 cal/(mol•K) 4 = 123.85 J/(mol•K)
S° (g): 69.3 cal/(mol•K) 4 = 289.95 J/(mol•K)
ΔGf° (ℓ): -175.0 kcal/mol 5 = -732.20 kJ/mol
ΔGf° (g): -114.5 kcal/mol 5 = -479.07 kJ/mol
Reactions
CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) + 1 CO2 (g)
CaO (s) + 2 NH4Cl (s) → 2 NH3 (g) + H2O (g) + 1 CaCl2 (s) 6
2 HCl (aq) + 1 Ca(OH)2 (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) 7
2 HCl (aq) + 1 CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) + 1 CO2 (g)
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2 NH4Cl (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (ℓ) + 2 NH3 (g) 8
2 HCl (aq) + 1 CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) + 1 CO2 (g)
For More Information
Sources
(1) - The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 13th ed.; Budavari, S.; O'Neil, M.J.; Smith, A.; Heckelman, P. E.; Kinneary, J. F., Eds.; Merck & Co.: Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2001; entry 1660.
(2) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2003; p 4-49.
(3) - Dean, John A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, 1979; p 9:4-9:94.
(4) - Dean, John A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, 1979; p 9:4-9:94.
(5) - Dean, John A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, 1979; p 9:4-9:94.
(6) - T > 297.661311795509
(7) - T > 1905.15260912373
(8) - T > 192.95930529542